Investigation of Bi-Directionally, Dual-Wavelength Pumped Extended L-Band EDFAs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present numerical and experimental analysis of bi-directionally, dual-wavelength pumped extended L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) that use a standard 1480 nm laser diode as the forward pump source and a high-power C-band light source as the backward pump source. When using a ~1535 nm backward pump, efficient amplification can be obtained over the extended L-band with no penalty to the noise figure. Experimentally, a bi-directionally pumped L-band EDFA achieves a wideband 20 dB-gain, covering 1570-1619 nm, with a noise figure lower than 5.6 dB. With either 1530.7 nm or 1537.8 nm as the backward pump wavelength, and 1480 nm as the forward pump wavelength, the power conversion efficiency is 40% higher compared to a configuration using 1480 nm pumping for both directions. To our best knowledge, it is the first time that C-band light has been used as the backward pump source for extended bandwidth of L-band EDFAs operating beyond 1610 nm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".