Distributed Data-Driven Intrusion Detection for Sparse Stealthy FDI Attacks in Smart Grids
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The stealthy false data injection (FDI) attacks in smart grids can bypass the bad data detection, and thus make an incorrect state estimate in the control center. In this brief, a distributed data-driven intrusion detection approach is proposed to reveal the existence of the sparse stealthy FDI attack in a multi-area interconnected power system. The proposed distributed intrusion detection approach avoids the over-fitting issue that is extensively seen when implementing machine learning algorithms for large-scale systems. Firstly, each area estimates the entire system state based on a distributed state estimation algorithm. Then, the state of each local area is used as trained neural network input to detect the stealthy FDI attacks. Simulation results on the IEEE 118-bus system verify that the proposed method not only reduces the risk of over-fitting, but also can locate the areas which have been attacked.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it