Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CSV is a popular Open Data format widely used in a variety of domains for its simplicity and effectiveness in storing and disseminating data. Unfortunately, data published in this format often does not conform to strict specifications, making automated data extraction from CSV files a painful task. While table discovery from HTML pages or spreadsheets has been studied extensively, extracting tables from CSV files still poses a considerable challenge due to their loosely defined format and limited embedded metadata. In this work we lay out the challenges of discovering tables in CSV files, and propose Pytheas: a principled method for automatically classifying lines in a CSV file and discovering tables within it based on the intuition that tables maintain a coherency of values in each column. We evaluate our methods over two manually annotated data sets: 2000 CSV files sampled from four Canadian Open Data portals, and 2500 additional files sampled from Canadian, US, UK and Australian portals. Our comparison to state-of-the-art approaches shows that Pytheas is able to successfully discover tables with precision and recall of over 95.9% and 95.7% respectively, while current approaches achieve around 89.6% precision and 81.3% recall. Furthermore, Pytheas's accuracy for correctly classifying all lines per CSV file is 95.6%, versus a maximum of 86.9% for compared approaches. Pytheas generalizes well to new data, with a table discovery F-measure above 95% even when trained on Canadian data and applied to data from different countries. Finally, we introduce a confidence measure for table discovery and demonstrate its value for accurately identifying potential errors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it