A Vehicle Path Following Controller for Coupled Longitudinal and Lateral Motion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Path following controllers for automobiles are frequently addressed with two separate control strategies. One of them governs longitudinal vehicle motion and the other handles supervises lateral vehicle motion. Physically, the longitudinal and lateral motions of an automobile are coupled. This coupling implies that a single controller could be designed which simultaneously handles longitudinal and lateral motion. The shared connection between longitudinal and lateral motion of a vehicle becomes critical when a vehicle is driven on slippery road conditions. Without consideration for this connection, vehicle stability controllers may fail to avoid collisions on ice. Although crucial to vehicle stability, the coupling between longitudinal and lateral motion is often ignored because its presence makes vehicle path following problems nonlinear. Given these challenges, we would like to propose a modelbased path following controller that combines a kinematic path following algorithm with an actuator controller for coupled vehicle motion. The kinematic path following algorithm is a vector field -based algorithm that generates a velocity vector field which directs a vehicle to a reference path defined as a contour map. If the vehicle is on the reference path, the velocity vectors become tangential to the reference path to direct the vehicle along the path. The velocity vectors are mapped to velocity states that are fed to the actuator controller to physically influence the vehicle's speed and orientation. Using a combination of feedback linearization and linear quadratic regulation, resultant forces and moments are determined to allow the vehicle's velocity to match the reference velocity states. A nonlinear least squares optimization algorithm is then applied to determine wheel torques to accelerate the vehicle based on the required resultant forces and resultant moments. This algorithm is constrained by the friction circle to ensure that maneuverability of the vehicle is maintained throughout the motion. Moreover, a kinematic steering algorithm determines steering angles at the wheels to maneuver the vehicle. Finally, the wheel torques, and steering angles are then applied to a high -fidelity vehicle model equipped with a combined slip tire force model. Path following results show the highfidelity can smoothly merge onto paths defined as contour maps and follow those paths with small crosstrack errors. We would like to consider extending this algorithm to be applicable on reference paths defined by parametric functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".