Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent decades there has been an extraordinary growth in and acceptance of automatic data systems that collect official and popular reports of epidemic occurrence. While different systems employ one or another proprietary algorithms to collect and parse disease reports all include, at a minimum, spatial locators, the date of a report, and the number of individual cases reported. These systems have been increasingly vital in both the study of individual epidemics and the exposition of expanding epidemics in real time. To date, however, there has been little analysis of the nature and quality of the data collected in these “big-net” programs or the degree to which redundancies and uncertainties may limit their utility. Here data on the 2009 H1N1 Type-A influenza epidemic gathered by a single system, healthmap.org, is parsed to determine where problems exist and how they might be rectified.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.082 | 0.285 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.014 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.020 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".