Arc-Free Bidirectional Hybrid DC Switch using Tungsten or Tungsten-clad Copper Contacts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A hybrid DC switch has been studied intensively because of the increasing demand for photovoltaic power stations and DC power distribution systems. The hybrid DC switch, consisting of mechanical contacts, semiconductor devices, and metal-oxide varistors, has the advantages of low contact resistance, high-speed current interruption, and a short-duration arc during current commutation. Moreover, arc-free current interruption is possible if the boiling voltage of the contact material exceeds the circuit voltage needed for turning on the semiconductor devices. A combination of tungsten contacts and SiC-MOSFETs satisfies this condition. As a result, an arc-free current interruption of 220 A was achieved with two-pole-tungsten contacts for bidirectional DC switching, where two SiC-MOSFETs were connected in series. The newly developed tungsten-clad copper contacts increased the threshold current of arc-free commutation up to 260 A.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".