Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In their case series of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Patel et al1Patel N. Rein J.L. Sanchez-Russo L. Winston J. Uribarri J. COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: a case series.Kidney Med. 2020; 2: 668-669Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (15) Google Scholar proposed that a hypercatabolic state with muscle breakdown was the cause of AKI as they presented 3 cases that typify hypercatabolic state, with rapid increase in serum urea nitrogen levels, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia. However, in all 3 cases, the urea-creatinine ratio (UCR) was unchanged and was not elevated, as is observed in a hypercatabolic state.2Haines R.W. Zolfaghari P. Wan Y. Pearse R.M. Puthucheary Z. Prowle J.R. Elevated urea-to-creatinine ratio provides a biochemical signature of muscle catabolism and persistent critical illness after major trauma.Intensive Care Med. 2019; 45: 1718-1731Crossref PubMed Scopus (99) Google Scholar Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels (UCR initial/peak: case 1, 17.5/16.2; case 2, 12/13; case 3, 9.7/13) in all 3 cases were essentially unchanged and were not in keeping with a true hypercatabolic state.2Haines R.W. Zolfaghari P. Wan Y. Pearse R.M. Puthucheary Z. Prowle J.R. Elevated urea-to-creatinine ratio provides a biochemical signature of muscle catabolism and persistent critical illness after major trauma.Intensive Care Med. 2019; 45: 1718-1731Crossref PubMed Scopus (99) Google Scholar In addition, the near-normal creatine kinase levels do not support significant muscle breakdown unless these patients had pre-existing cachexia. The hyperuricemia and hyperphosphatemia could very well be the effects of AKI rather than initiating factors; however, their role in perpetuation of AKI can not be excluded. The rapid decrease in serum albumin level is more consistent with a capillary leak syndrome, as seen in severe sepsis-systemic inflammatory response syndrome that I agree results from the various inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, etc). I agree with the authors that better understanding of the factors associated with COVID-19–associated AKI and the role of cytokines is important. The author declares that he has no relevant financial interests. Received August 29, 2020. Accepted September 10, 2020, after editorial review by the Editor-in-Chief. In Reply to ‘COVID-19–Associated Kidney Injury’Kidney MedicineVol. 3Issue 1PreviewWe thank Dr Parmar1 for his careful review of our article.2 We do not agree that the serum urea nitrogen–creatinine ratio, as cited in reference 2, should become the standard definition of a hypercatabolic state.3 In that reference, the ratio was a prespecified outcome, their patients had a different phenotype compared with ours, most did not have acute kidney injury (AKI), and their work did not account for the influence of total parenteral nutrition on urea levels. It is widely known that parenteral nutrition is extensively and intensively used in intensive care units and may contribute significantly to increased serum urea nitrogen levels out of proportion to serum creatinine levels. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it