Radar Micro-Doppler-based Rotary Drone Detection using Parametric Spectral Estimation Methods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Micro-Doppler methods of detecting and classifying small UAVs are limited in range due to the weak radar returns from their plastic propellers. Smaller windows of data instead of longer windows are used for detection as stationarity assumptions often fail for longer windows. Traditional non-parametric methods may be inadequate as they have limited spectral resolution with smaller windows and may provide false detection when radar returns are weak. A rotary drone detector using the number of Helicopter Rotation Modulation (HERM) lines is considered in this paper. Two parametric methods for estimating the number of HERM lines, Minimum Description Length (MDL) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), are considered for detection purposes. Experiments using real data acquired using a micro-helicopter drone and a commercial ultra-wide band radar reveal that MDL performs significantly better than AIC and the traditional Fourier-based non-parametric estimation methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".