Retrospective motion artifact correction of structural MRI images using deep learning improves the quality of cortical surface reconstructions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Head motion during MRI acquisition presents significant challenges for neuroimaging analyses. In this work, we present a retrospective motion correction framework built on a Fourier domain motion simulation model combined with established 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. Quantitative evaluation metrics were used to validate the method on three separate multi-site datasets. The 3D CNN was trained using motion-free images that were corrupted using simulated artifacts. CNN based correction successfully diminished the severity of artifacts on real motion affected data on a separate test dataset as measured by significant improvements in image quality metrics compared to a minimal motion reference image. On the test set of 13 image pairs, the mean peak signal-to-noise-ratio was improved from 31.7 to 33.3 dB. Furthermore, improvements in cortical surface reconstruction quality were demonstrated using a blinded manual quality assessment on the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset. Upon applying the correction algorithm, out of a total of 617 images, the number of quality control failures was reduced from 61 to 38. On this same dataset, we investigated whether motion correction resulted in a more statistically significant relationship between cortical thickness and Parkinson's disease. Before correction, significant cortical thinning was found to be restricted to limited regions within the temporal and frontal lobes. After correction, there was found to be more widespread and significant cortical thinning bilaterally across the temporal lobes and frontal cortex. Our results highlight the utility of image domain motion correction for use in studies with a high prevalence of motion artifacts, such as studies of movement disorders as well as infant and pediatric subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".