IoT Ecosystem on Exploiting Dynamic VNF Orchestration and Service Chaining: AI to the Rescue?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An efficient automated virtual network function (VNF) deployment and service function chaining (SFC) can induce a significant improvement in the overall performance of various IoT services. Few concerns regarding the latency benefits, energy consumption expenditure, and migration costs are required to be taken into consideration collaboratively for the solution method to accommodate supreme privileges for both users and providers. However, most of the works existing in the literature emphasize these issues exclusively. Additionally, they focus on employing traditional mathematical programming-based approaches to find optimal solutions that are computationally expensive. Thus, state-of-the-art methods are infeasible and not prompt enough to provide real-time solutions for massive IoT services. In this article, we propose the utilization of different deep learning and reinforcement learning techniques (e.g., artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, deep Q-networks, and federated learning) for swift VNF orchestration and SFC. Moreover, we identify some challenges and their potential solutions associated with these sophisticated learning models. Then we present some simulation results on a VNF deployment case study demonstrating that deep learning techniques can be a significant breakthrough with promising potential to resolve most of the mentioned concerns incorporated with the VNF orchestration and SFC generation problem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".