Change Detection Method Based on Fusion Difference Map in Flood Disaster
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to the influence of the environment on the scattering characteristics of ground objects in flooded areas, the false error rate of the detection results increases when performing change detection on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of these areas, which reduces the accuracy of the results obtained for the difference map. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a change-detection method based on a fusion difference map. This method combines the regional sensitivity of the entropy difference map with the regional retention of the mean difference map to construct a fusion difference map based on an improved relative entropy and mean value ratio. First, the initial clustering results of the fuzzy local information C-means clustering method are classified by their Pearson correlation coefficients, and second, the secondary classification results are used for the initial image segmentation. Third, the final segmentation results are obtained using the iterative condition model and Markov random field. To verify the flood-disaster-detection performance of the proposed method, we used the second of Europe Remote-Sensing (ERS-2) Satellite data obtained for the Bern area in Switzerland in April and May 1999 and Radarsat remote-sensing data for the Ottawa region in Canada in May and August 1997. We also applied the proposed method to data obtained for the Poyang Lake region of China in June and July 2020, and estimated the disaster area and change trend before and after the flood in Poyang Lake. The experimental results show that the algorithm had a low overall detection error, the false error rate of the detection results were somewhat reduced, and the accuracy of the detection results was improved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".