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Record W3123753165

Simulation-Based Finite-Sample Tests for Heteroskedasticity and ARCH Effects

2001· preprint· en· W3123753165 on OpenAlexfundno aff
Jean‐Thomas Bernard, Jean‐Marie Dufour, Ian Genest, Lynda Khalaf

Bibliographic record

VenueRePEc: Research Papers in Economics · 2001
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicStatistical Methods and Inference
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMitacsKillam TrustsCanada Council for the Arts
KeywordsHomoscedasticityHeteroscedasticityMonte Carlo methodStatisticsMathematicsNuisance parameterEconometricsJackknife resamplingStatistical hypothesis testingEstimator
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A wide range of tests for heteroskedasticity have been proposed in the econometric and statistics literatures. Although a few exact homoskedasticity tests are available, the commonly employed procedures are quite generally based on asymptotic approximations which may not provide good size control in finite samples. There has been a number of recent studies that seek to improve the reliability of common heteroskedasticity tests using Edgeworth, Bartlett, jackknife and bootstrap methods. Yet the latter remain approximate. In this paper, we describe a solution to the problem of controlling the size of homoskedasticity tests in linear regression contexts. We study procedures based on the standard test statistics [e.g., the Goldfeld-Quandt, Glejser, Bartlett, Cochran, Hartley, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey, White and Szroeter criteria] as well as tests for autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH-type models). We also suggest several extensions of the existing procedures (sup-type or combined test statistics) to allow for unknown breakpoints in the error variance. We exploit the technique of Monte Carlo tests to obtain provably exact p-values, for both the standard and the new tests suggested. We show that the MC test procedure conveniently solves the intractable null distribution problem, in particular those raised by the sup-type and combined test statistics as well as (when relevant) unidentified nuisance parameter problems under the null hypothesis. The method proposed works in exactly the same way with both Gaussian and non-Gaussian disturbance distributions [such as heavy-tailed or stable distributions]. The performance of the procedures is examined by simulation. The Monte Carlo experiments conducted focus on: (1) ARCH, GARCH and ARCH-in-mean alternatives; (2) the case where the variance increases monotonically with: (i) one exogenous variable, and (ii) the mean of the dependent variable; (3) grouped heteroskedasticity; (4) breaks in variance at unknown points. We find that the proposed tests achieve perfect size control and have good power. Un grand éventail de tests d'hétéroskédasticité a été proposé en économétrie et en statistique. Bien qu'il existe quelques tests d'homoskédasticité exacts, les procédures couramment utilisées sont généralement fondées sur des approximations asymptotiques qui ne procurent pas un bon contrôle du niveau dans les échantillons finis. Plusieurs études récentes ont tenté d'améliorer la fiabilité des tests d'hétéroskédasticité usuels, sur base de méthodes de type Edgeworth, Bartlett, jackknife et bootstrap. Cependant, ces méthodes demeurent approximatives. Dans cet article, nous décrivons une solution au problème de contrôle du niveau des tests d'homoskédasticité dans les modèles de régression linéaire. Nous étudions des procédures basées sur les critères de test standards [e.g., les critères de Goldfeld-Quandt, Glejser, Bartlett, Cochran, Hartley, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey, White et Szroeter], de même que des tests pour l'hétéroskédasticité autorégressive conditionnelle (les modèles de type ARCH). Nous suggérons plusieurs extensions des procédures usuelles (les statistiques de type-sup ou combinées) pour tenir compte de points de ruptures inconnus dans la variance des erreurs. Nous appliquons la technique des tests de Monte Carlo (MC) de façon à obtenir des seuils de signification marginaux (les valeurs-p) exacts, pour les test usuels et les nouveaux tests que nous proposons. Nous démontrons que la procédure de MC permet de résoudre les problèmes des distributions compliquées sous l'hypothèse nulle, en particulier ceux associés aux statistiques de type-sup, aux statistiques combinées et aux paramètres de nuisance non-identifiés sous l'hypothèse nulle. La méthode proposée fonctionne exactement de la même manière en présence de lois Gaussiennes et non-Gaussiennes [comme par exemple les lois aux queues épaisses ou les lois stables]. Nous évaluons la performance des procédures proposées par simulation. Les expériences de Monte Carlo que nous effectuons portent sur: (1) les alternatives de type ARCH, GARCH and ARCH-en-moyenne; (2) le cas où la variance augmente de manière monotone en fonction: (i) d'une variable exogène, et (ii) de la moyenne de la variable dépendante; (3) l'hétéroskédasticité groupée; (4) les ruptures en variance à des points inconnus. Nos résultats montrent que les tests proposés permettent de contrôler parfaitement le niveau et ont une bonne puissance.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.033
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.168
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.033
Threshold uncertainty score0.173

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0330.168
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.002
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0020.003
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0090.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.164
GPT teacher head0.453
Teacher spread0.290 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations6
Published2001
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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