Effect of late-gestation heat stress in nulliparous heifers on postnatal growth, passive transfer of immunoglobulin G, and thermoregulation of their calves
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Youngstock such as nulliparous pregnant dairy heifers are not typically considered for active cooling, as they are thought to be more heat tolerant than mature cows. Recently, the benefits of heat stress abatement in pregnant heifers were studied, but the effect of in utero hyperthermia on the calf is still unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of late-gestation heat stress in nulliparous heifers on the growth, immune, and thermoregulatory responses of their calves. Pregnant nulliparous dams were randomly selected for either active cooling (CL; fans and soakers; n = 15) or heat stress (HT; n = 16) 60 d before expected calving. After birth, respiration rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, and sweating rate were obtained from their heifer calves at 24 h and on d 14, 28, 42, and 56. Blood samples and body weights were both collected for measurement of total protein and hematocrit and calculation of average daily gains, respectively. Gestation length was shorter in HT heifers (272 vs. 276 ± 1.28 d) relative to CL heifers. Birth weights, weaning weights, body weights up to d 56, and average daily gain from birth to weaning were not different between in utero HT (IUHT; n = 13) and in utero CL (IUCL; n = 12) calves. Apparent efficiency of absorption of immunoglobulin G tended to be lower in IUHT calves (26.3 vs. 42.7 ± 9.0%), and serum IgG concentrations from birth to d 56 were significantly lower in IUHT calves relative to IUCL calves (22.0 vs. 32.4 ± 4.47 g/L). Postnatal respiration rate, rectal temperature, sweating rate, total protein, and hematocrit were not different between in utero treatments. There was a tendency for IUHT calves to have lower skin temperature at 24 h (34.9 vs. 36.9 ± 1.05°C), and skin temperature tended to be elevated in IUHT calves at d 56 (29.6 vs. 27.9 ± 1.05°C). In summary, the lack of heat stress abatement during late gestation reduces gestation length of nulliparous heifers. Additionally, providing active cooling to nulliparous heifers during the prepartum period confers immune benefits to their offspring, although it does not translate to growth improvements.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it