Heterogeneous WO3/H2O2 system for degradation of Indigo Carmin dye from aqueous solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, tungsten oxide crystals (WO3), with different sizes and morphologies were prepared using the reflux condensation method. Tungsten oxide crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, the particles were used as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst in the presence of green oxidant H2O2 for Indigo Carmin (IC) dye degradation. The efficiency of the coupling WO3/H2O2 showed at 600 °C, that it was possible to remove about 90% of the initial color of IC after 120 min in a batch reaction at 65 °C. Moreover, the coupling maintained high activity after four continuous cycles when tungsten oxide particles were recorvered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".