Risk Assessment of Computer-Aided Diagnostic Software for Hepatic Resection
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, we study the indirect relationship between the adoption of computer-aided detection or diagnostic (CADe or CADx) systems for hepatic resection (HR) and the patient’s health post-surgery. We vary the number, actual size, and the estimated size of tumors along with model parameters of tumor growth over 1000 simulations of HR according to predefined statistical distributions of parameter values. The average time ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) taken by the tumors to relapse is assessed for the nonadoption of computer-aided detection or diagnostic (CAD) (case 1), the adoption of semiautomatic CAD (case 2), and the adoption of automatic CAD (case 3) in HR. In this study, we have simulated 126 automatic CAD algorithms (case 3). For tumor volumes (TV) less than 50 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , if administration of bevacizumab, a post-operative therapy, is (not) adopted in the simulation, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is found to be 646, 84, and 60 days (40, 24, and 17 days) for case 1, case 2, and case 3, respectively. For TV greater than 50 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and with (without) bevacizumab, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is found to be 86, 1, and 6 days (28, 6, and 3 days) for case 1, case 2, and case 3, respectively. For with (without) bevacizumab treatment and for all tumor volumes, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is found to be 260, 90, and 104 days (38, 13, and 11 days) for case 1, case 2, and case 3, respectively. We have observed that the tumors relapsed quickly in those cases where CAD was adopted.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it