Fatigue crack arrest in steel beams using FRP composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of strengthening with pre-stressed carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites to increase the lifetime of cracked steel members. In some cases, complete crack arrest has been observed. This study aims to present a method that can estimate the minimum required prestressing that would result in a complete crack arrest in steel I-beams. Analytical and numerical models based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) were developed and verified using a set of experimental results. Three steel I-beams with different crack lengths were strengthened with pre-stressed CFRP composites and later tested under a high-cycle fatigue loading regime. It was shown that the pre-stressed CFRP composites could result in a crack closure mechanism, in which the crack surfaces remained closed even under large external loads. Furthermore, it was shown that by considering the stiffness of the CFRP in the analytical formulation, the amount of prestressing required to arrest the fatigue crack growth can be reduced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".