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Record W314601665

The Price Is Right? Price Optimization Software Tailors Product Pricing with Greater Precision. Yet It Must Be Handled with Care

2007· article· en· W314601665 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueABA banking journal · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicBanking stability, regulation, efficiency
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLoanEconomicsBusinessFinance
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

When it comes to recalibrating loan or account features--especially price--banks, historically, have limited their revisions to matching the competition. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Or, they've kept their analysis to peeks at cash flow, projected interest rates, and movements of capital markets, before setting terms. Changes often are made the old-fashioned way, with a spreadsheet and on a department-by-department basis. But more demanding customers have made alternatives to plain vanilla pricing necessary. At the same time, bank managements that want to create pricing in a centralized, predictable, and repeatable way have made price optimization technology the new hot thing to have. PO--otherwise known as profit-based pricing systems--can add precision, notes Kathleen Khirallah, managing director and practice leader retail banking with TowerGroup, Needham, Mass. The best of these also compensate for tendencies such as adverse selection, or terms that could sink the bank with less desirable customers. PO systems are said to replace the many forms of manual workaround that gets information from the streets into a bank's back office without the need to mess with the core processor. To date, says Khirallah in a report she co-wrote called Pricing Optimization: A Practical Guide to a Retail Bank Implementation, the most common implementations of price optimization are typically in automotive and home equity lending. Rather than help with segmentation or any form of customer analysis or record keeping, PO instead lasers in on the product, tailoring it to the customer by incorporating rules engines and intuitive interfaces that let bankers easily enact corporate strategy, on the one hand, and respond to situational or segmentation variables on the other, in building pricing models. It's a complicated, emerging area that nearly every big bank is interested in or already pursuing, but they are trying to do so under the radar, notes Richard De Lotto, principal analyst, banking and securities practice, Gartner, Stamford, Conn. Over 55% of banks polled in a Gartner telephone survey of 34 retail banks in January have already adopted some form of price optimization and more than 75% plan to use these products in some way by 2012. Price-tailoring capability is complicated to master, De Lotto says, because it requires math and pricing-science skills to interpret software results. Many banks are considering hiring consultants to get emerging programs on track. Meanwhile, De Lotto says, price setting is perhaps one of the more personal and political functions at a financial institution. It may mean the end of the sweetheart deal, he asserts. Despite all the intrigue and complication, De Lotto thinks that at the end of the day most banks will use the software and make it work for them. Washington Mutual, one acknowledged early adopter, is using a price optimization solution from Nomis Solutions, San Bruno, Calif., as part of a strategy to hone its mortgage business in the current trying market conditions. Halifax Bank of Scotland, the largest mortgage lender in the United Kingdom (and Nomis' first bank client), is using PO to refine its installment-lending program. Gaining wider use Of course, not every customer shops on price alone, but among those that are counting their pennies and basis points, more refined offerings can yield big successes. In the U.S., three of the top ten banks are incorporating price optimization technology in various line-of-business product offerings, notes Robert Phillips, Nomis Solutions' co-founder, chief science officer and vice-president. Nomis is a market leader and cut its teeth with PO applications for the airline business before moving into the banking space. Four or five other vendors that attack the problem in various ways provide solutions designed to let a bank set pricing policy without interacting with its core processing system. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.405
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.218
Teacher spread0.203 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it