The linguistic landscape of Bukhara and Tashkent in the post‐Soviet era
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The sociopolitical changes that have taken place in Central Asia since the downfall of the Soviet Union have had a significant effect on the linguistic landscape of Uzbekistan. Russian, the dominant language of the Soviet era, lost its power and prestige in the wake of independence. Uzbek, the mother tongue of the local people, became the country's sole official language, while English, once considered the language of the Western bourgeoise, started to flourish as the most popular foreign language in post‐Soviet Uzbekistan. Using the concept of linguistic landscape, this study analyzes the presence and use of Uzbek, Russian, and English languages on public and private signs in two major Uzbek cities. The findings of the study reveal that even though it has been almost 30 years since Uzbek was declared as an official language, its presence on public and private signs is not as widespread as people might think.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it