Enhancing <scp>5G</scp> antenna performance by using <scp>3D FSS</scp> structures
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, an enhanced 3D frequency selective surface (FSS) patch antenna is proposed for 5G applications. A 23 to 26 GHz patch antenna was first designed before improving its performance by adding a 3 × 5 unit cell two-layer 2D transmission FSS structure. Then, reflective walls were placed on the side edges of the obtained structure in order to focus the incident field towards the main lobe; the aim being to build a 3D FSS structure without requiring the 3D printing technique. The total size of the obtained antenna is of 40 × 40 × 14 mm3. A comparative study was carried out between the performances of the patch antenna, the 2D FSS antenna and the 3D FSS antenna. A good agreement was observed between simulated results and measurements. An improvement of almost 3 and 2 dBi was obtained compared to the 2D FSS case, respectively, in simulated and measured results, while the side lobes in radiation patterns were decreased by more than 4 dBi, which confirms the adequate proposed design in switching to 3D structures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it