Impact of Alkali Cation Identity on the Conversion of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> to CO in Bicarbonate Electrolyzers
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The reduction of CO 2 to CO from a bicarbonate feedstock offers an opportunity to directly use aqueous carbon capture solutions, while bypassing ex‐situ energy‐intensive gaseous CO 2 regeneration. In this study, we resolved how the electrolyte cation identity (Li + , Na + , K + , Cs + ) affects the two reactions that make bicarbonate electrolysis possible: (i) the production of in‐situ CO 2 formed through reaction of HCO 3 − (from the catholyte) with H + (sourced from the membrane); and (ii) the electroreduction of CO 2 into CO. Our results show that cation identity does not change the rate of in‐situ CO 2 formation, but it does enhance the rate of the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Electrolysis experiments performed with a constant [HCO 3 − ] showed that CO selectivities progressively increased for the series Li + , Na + , K + , and Cs + , respectively. Optimization of the electrolyte composition yielded a CO selectivity of ∼80 % during electrolysis of 1.5 M CsHCO 3 solutions at 100 mA cm −2 , while saturated LiHCO 3 solutions (0.84 M) yielded CO selectivities values of merely 30 % at the same current density. This study demonstrates a quantitative relationship between CO product selectivity and the cation radius, which provides a pathway to integrate bicarbonate electrolysis to carbon capture.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it