Chemistry and Associations of Carbon in Water-Stable Soil Aggregates from a Long-Term Temperate Agroecosystem and Implications on Soil Carbon Stabilization
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the effects of long-term agricultural management on soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization/storage in aggregates. Carbon near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (C-NEXAFS), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and wet chemical analyses were employed to characterize SOC and organo-mineral associations. Soils were from a corn system (Kansas, USA; > 22 years), comparing till and no-till, with fertilizer treatments (manure/compost and chemical). Results showed high concentrations of SOC/amorphous Fe and enhanced SOC stabilization in manure/compost added soils. Various degrees of decomposition were evident by C-NEXAFS with aromatic (22%–40%) and carboxylic C (20%–45%) being abundant in all aggregates. Microaggregate-associated SOC showed more enhanced aromaticity than other aggregates. Some aggregates from tilled soils had increased aliphaticity in SOC than its counterpart no-till. Humic acid-associated OC (by 13C NMR) showed enhanced aliphaticity with decreasing aggregate sizes. Our results showed that the SOC stabilization/storage occurs due to chemical, mineralogical, and biological mechanisms stimulated by management.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it