Cone Penetration and Dilatometer Tests to Evaluate Stresses in a Soil-Bentonite Slurry Trench Cutoff Wall
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil bentonite (SB) slurry trench cutoff walls have been widely used for over 40 years to control groundwater flow, seepage through dams and levees, and contaminant transport. The hydraulic conductivity of SB backfill is stress dependent, and the concept that the state-of-stress in SB slurry trench cutoff walls is less than geostatic was first published over 30 years ago. A full-scale, instrumented SB slurry trench cutoff wall was constructed with embedded instrumentation that directly measures the stress and pore pressure. In addition, cone penetration (CPT) and Marchetti dilatometer (DMT) tests were performed in the wall after the wall was allowed to sit for one year. The combination of direct stress measurements and in situ tests presents a unique opportunity to compare results from CPT and DMT tests to the direct measurements of stress in the wall and to predictions from available models. Finally, the authors provide summary opinions regarding cone and dilatometer testing for predicting stress in low strength materials along with practical recommendations for the design and construction of SB walls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".