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Record W3182269104 · doi:10.1111/sode.12520

Because ‘everybody believes in different things’: Examining tolerance of divergent preferences, beliefs, and morals in kindergarten students

2021· article· en· W3182269104 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueSocial Development · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicChild and Animal Learning Development
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsProsocial behaviorPsychologyPreferenceSocial psychologyDevelopmental psychologyPromotion (chess)Ethical theoriesMoral developmentPeer group

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Societies are becoming increasingly pluralistic, yet acceptance of differing points of view remains an issue. Thus, it is important to understand how young children think about issues related to acceptance of differing views and factors that may be related to sharing greater levels of tolerance. A total of 167 kindergarten students (ages 4–5) were presented with pictures of hypothetical peers and told that each peer held an opposing view from them with respect to a preference (blue, blocks), belief (believing in fairies, believing in superheroes), or moral (lying, tattling). Children were asked if it was okay for this peer to hold a different view, whether they would be willing to play with the peer, and to justify their responses. Measures of children's theory of mind understanding, language ability, and prosocial behaviour were also collected. Children shared tolerant responses more frequently towards peers who held different preferences and beliefs as compared to different morals. Children who shared intolerant responses frequently rejected the peer's different view. Willingness to play with a peer was largely based on factors unrelated to tolerance such as the peer's appearance. Children with higher theory of mind understanding and older children were significantly more likely to report that it was okay for a peer to endorse a different preference or belief, but not a different moral. Implications for children's reasoning about personal versus moral norms and the promotion of tolerance in the kindergarten years are discussed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.096
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.043
GPT teacher head0.313
Teacher spread0.270 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it