Bibliographic record
Abstract
А brief chronological overview of the most relevant waves of emigration in Macedonian history will be presented (20 century). When discussing the waves of migration, the most common reasons for Macedonians to leave their county will be included, as well as how the political, economic, and social climate of the land influenced their decisions to emigrate to a land culturally different from their own. There are several major migration waves that marked Macedonian history. The largest ones began in the early 20th century and enfold to the migration waves that swept across of Europe. There, in search for a better life, many Macedonians began to form the first sprouts of communities in which Macedonians lived. Furthermore, every major war that took place on the territory of Macedonia as a consequence left behind a wave of migration. Macedonia is a country located in the Southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is bordered by Bulgaria to the East, Albania to the West, Serbia to the North and Greece to the South. Dating back to prehistoric times, Macedonians were a distinct nation, linguistically, ethnically, culturally different from their neighboring countries, but they only attained independence and sovereignty in 1991. Macedonia’s history has always been characterized by external and internal migration, similar to other European Union countries. The reasons for this intensive migration can be divided into three major factors: the degree of economic development, the political aspect, and the conditions of war. At first, the waves of migration in this region had been reported to be occurring only to neighboring countries like Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; whereas later it extended to European and overseas countries such as the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".