Forecasting the Water Level of the Euphrates River in Western Iraq Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Forecasting water levels of rivers downstream major dams are essential for agricultural and industrial purposes as well as for efficient water management. Haditha Dam is one of the major projects on the Euphrates River in Iraq that is used for flood control and water management. The area downstream of the dam contains many strategic agricultural and industrial projects that are highly affected by the variation in the river water level. In this study, a neural network model (ANN) was created to forecast the levels of the Euphrates downstream of Haditha Dam. The model was trained in MATLAB with four inputs representing water levels at present and previous times. The data was utilized for training a daily model for 496 days and a monthly model for 241 months. The results indicated that ANN can estimate water level (t+1) with a high degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the results provide that the ANN is an effective technique to predict daily and monthly water levels and that the empirical equation can be used to compute daily and monthly levels with a regression coefficient greater than 92 percent for (training, validation, testing, and all data) for the daily model and greater than 84 percent for the monthly model. The ANN model could be simplified into a practical and straightforward formula from which the water level for the two models could be calculated.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".