The effects of feeding benzoic acid and/or live active yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) on beef cattle performance, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fifty-nine Angus-cross finishing steers were used to evaluate benzoic acid, active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), or a combination of benzoic acid and active dry yeast when supplemented in a high-grain finishing diet on live animal performance, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics. Steers were fed a high-grain diet for the final 106 d of finishing. Treatments were as follows: no additional supplementation (CON), 0.5% benzoic acid (ACD), 3 g per head per day active dry S. cerevisiae (YST), or both 0.5% benzoic acid and 3 g/head per day S. cerevisiae (AY). Steers were weighed every 14 d, and ultrasound was performed for rib and rump fat thickness at the beginning (day 1), middle (day 57), and end (day 99) of the experiment. Insert feeding stations were used to collect individual feeding behavior data and DMI daily throughout. Blood samples were collected on days 21 and 22 and days 99–101 to assess plane of nutrition and metabolism. Ruminal fluid samples were collected by oral gavage 4 wk prior to slaughter. Carcass characteristics were examined at a federally inspected slaughter facility. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS with initial body weight (BW) as a covariate. Benzoic acid supplementation increased (P = 0.002) overall dry matter intake (DMI) compared to YST and CON steers, which may be due to a faster eating rate (P ≤ 0.008). Animal performance parameters (BW, average daily gain, feed conversion, and ultrasound fat depth) were not different (P ≥ 0.11) among treatment groups. Aspartate aminotransferase concentration was greatest (P ≤ 0.01) for YST steers, which may have been reflected in numerically greater liver abscesses. Carcass traits did not differ (P ≥ 0.33) among treatment groups. Ruminal pH was greater (P = 0.006) for ACD steers than AY steers (pH of 6.16 vs. 5.66, respectively), which indicated that there may be an interactive effect between benzoic acid and active dry yeast. To summarize, steers fed a high-grain finishing diet supplemented with benzoic acid, active dry yeast, or both benzoic acid and active dry yeast had similar growth performance and carcass characteristics compared to those without supplementation. However, the addition of benzoic acid alone increased DMI, variation in DMI, eating rate, and ruminal pH. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the impacts of benzoic acid on the ruminal environment of feedlot cattle.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it