Effects of Isometric Strengthening Exercises on Pain and Disability Among Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic disease of the joint worldwide, with the knee joint being the most affected in the body. This study investigated the effects of isometric strengthening exercises on pain and disability among patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods This randomized control trial research design was carried out at the Physiotherapy Departments of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, and Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Amaku, Awka in Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 40 subjects, nine (22.5%) males and 31 (75.5%) females, were randomly assigned into exercise and control groups. Prior to intervention, the weight and height of each subject were measured. Pain intensity, active range of motion (AROM) and passive range of motion (PROM), and functional ability of both groups were recorded using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), universal goniometer, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), respectively. All participants in the exercise group performed isometric quadriceps and straight leg raise exercises, and the control group received no intervention whatsoever. After six weeks, the pain intensity, AROM, PROM, and functional ability scores were re-measured and documented. Results While comparing the pre-test and post-test scores using paired t-test, the exercise group showed a significant difference in each parameter (NPRS, AROM, PROM, and WOMAC = 0.000), while the control group showed no significant difference. Independent sample t-test outcome at six weeks (exercise and control groups) showed significant reduction of pain intensity (NPRS = 0.000), increased range of motion (AROM = 0.000, PROM = 0.003), as well as improvement in function (WOMAC = 0.000) at a significant level of p ˂ 0.05. Conclusion At the end of the six weeks, isometric strengthening exercises showed a significant effect on pain intensity, range of motion, and functional ability among subjects with knee osteoarthritis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it