Bibliographic record
Abstract
Counteracting domestic violence is today one of the most important areas of social development. It is seen not only as a social problem, but primarily as a problem of protecting human rights and, above all, the rights of women, requires the development of appropriate legal means of solving it. When violence is committed in the family, the rights and freedoms of a particular person are violated, and through the capabilities of the aggressor and the victim, the latter’s self-defense is complicated, which requires intervention from the state and society. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, one in six women has experienced domestic violence. According to the same data, this problem is more acute for economically underdeveloped countries, while women in these countries are more likely to recognize such violence against themselves as justified. Thus, the percentage of women who reported that they had been subjected to violence by their family members at least once in their life varies from 15% in Japan to 71% in Ethiopia. According to other sources, the level of domestic violence against women is about 23% in Sweden, 4% in Japan and Serbia, 30–54% in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Tanzania. In the United States, a woman suffers from physical violence every 18 minutes. According to statistics, 62% of the murders of women were committed by their husbands. In Peru, 70% of all reported crimes are domestic violence. Sexual violence is widespread – in Canada, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom, every sixth woman has been raped. The adoption of special legislation and its introduction into the practice of the activities of authorized state bodies makes it possible to gradually eradicate these negative social traditions. International information exchange between scientists, law enforcement officials, social workers contributes to the spread of international experience in the Ukrainian legal system. In addition, Ukraine, in the course of the formation of national legislation, studies and adapts the provisions of international human rights standards, including on combating domestic violence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".