High-Speed Active Quench and Reset Circuit for SPAD in a Standard 65 nm CMOS Technology
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A compact high-speed active quench and reset (AQR) circuit integrated with a p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /n-well single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is designed and fabricated in a standard 65 nm CMOS technology. The post-layout simulations showed that the quenching time for this AQR circuit is only 0.1 ns, and the smallest dead time is 3.35 ns which corresponds a maximum count rate of ~300 Mcps. The measurements showed that the SPAD pixel achieved a dark count rate of 21 kHz, a peak photon detection probability of 23.8% at a 420 nm wavelength and a timing jitter of 139 ps (using a 405 nm pulsed laser) when the excess voltage was 0.5 V. Also, due to the short quenching time, negligible afterpulsing was observed during the measurements.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it