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Record W3213533742

The Sums of Integer Powers

2021· article· en· W3213533742 on OpenAlexaff
Darren Paetz

Bibliographic record

VenueStudent Research Proceedings · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicHistory and Theory of Mathematics
Canadian institutionsMacEwan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBernoulli's principleInteger (computer science)MathematicsSequence (biology)Bernoulli numberMatrix (chemical analysis)ComputationDiscrete mathematicsCombinatoricsAlgorithmComputer science
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

An investigation of the origin of the formulas for the sums of integer powers was performed. A method for calculating the sums of the first n integers to the kth power, denoted Sk(n), was first derived by Jacques Bernoulli in the late 1600’s. Through the discovery of formulas for the computation of integer powers, a numeric sequence arose. This sequence has become known as the Bernoulli numbers. Bernoulli simultaneously derived a recursive algorithm that can generate Bernoulli numbers. This recursive relationship was the subject of the first computer program in 1843. Utilizing a relationship that Bernoulli observed, it is possible to then calculate all terms in a coefficient matrix that enables the calculation of formulas for Sk(n). This coefficient matrix was generated using computer software with two different methods. Numerical analysis techniques were applied to each generated matrix, and the relative error between the two matrices was compared. Department: Mathematical Sciences  Faculty Mentor: Dr. Christian Ivanescu

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.023
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.026

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.023
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0040.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.005
Scholarly communication0.0040.008
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0010.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0080.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.198
GPT teacher head0.475
Teacher spread0.277 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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