Fast Trajectory Planning for AGV in the Presence of Moving Obstacles: A Combination of 3-dim A* Search and QCQP
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper concerns about the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) trajectory planning scheme. Nominally it should be formulated as an optimal control problem (OCP) and solved via numerical methods. The concrete procedures to solve an OCP numerically include discretizing it into a mathematical programming (MP) problem and solving the MP via an appropriate solver. However, most of the predominant MP solvers only derive local optima because global optimization takes too long. As the predominant MP solvers only find local optima, the solution quality relies on the homotopy class of the initial guess, i.e. the starting point of an optimization process. A* search in the abstracted x-y-time state space is adopted to find a suitable initial guess, which directly plans a coarse trajectory rather than a path. With the initial guess, an MP in the form of a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) is solved easily. Simulation results show that the average CPU time spent on the first-A*-then-QCQP method is only l.4035 seconds in MATLAB. Source codes are provided at https://github.com/libai1943/AGV_Motion_Planning_with_Moving_Obstacles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".