Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a book of modest intentions, but within its self-imposed limits it works well. It is a light and easy sociological tour of a number of areas of Scottish life over the past two to three decades population; families and households; income, wealth and poverty; social class and social opportunity; education and life chances; and consumption, lifestyle and culture. The content is heavily statistical: the main body of the text is well larded with tables and graphs, and a quarter of the volume is given over to an appendix containing further background tables. All this statistical material is helpfully packaged in a CD that is attached to the inside cover. However, the authors write so as to ensure that the numbers do not numb. Their style is clear and accessible, and they tease out points of interest and illumination in the data in a painless way. The text is not long stripped of the tables, it would run to no more than 120 pages. But it does its basic descriptive job well and is sprinkled with fascinating observations and nuggets of information. In the account of social class, for example, we are told that in spite of continuous decline in the size of the working class in Scotland, more and more Scots identify themselves as working class even among professionals and higher managers. What this signifies about identity and sense of self among Scots today is hard to say.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".