<i>Staphylococcus, Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the existing knowledge of the molecular basis for iron transport in the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus. Staphylococci can be divided into two major groups: coagulase positive and coagulase negative. While coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), notably Staphylococcus epidermidis, have come into prominence due to their opportunistic ability to colonize foreign medical devices, by far the most extensively studied staphylococcal species is coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, owing to it being both a frequent and a highly versatile pathogen. The relative amounts of siderophore produced among various species and strains of Staphylococcus seem to vary remarkably and depends largely on culture conditions. The nomenclature of the genes is based on their homology to ferric hydroxamate transport proteins in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. For the most part, investigations into the ability of streptococci to transport iron have been limited to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. B. anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax and has come into prominence recently due to its use as a biological weapon. The iron-restricted growth of B. cereus, a human pathogen, is inhibited by transferrin and lactoferrin but enhanced by hemoglobin, heme, and heme-albumin complexes. It is clear that molecular studies of iron transport systems in gram-positive bacteria, especially members of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus, are in their infancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.047 | 0.041 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".