Common Law, Civil Law and the Future of Categories
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Around the world, there are signs that the traditional categories of civil and common law may be collapsing in the wake of procedural reform spurred by a new range of concerns and aspirations for procedure. In the United Kingdom, the reviews being conducted 10 years after the Woolf Reforms and in Canada, civil procedure rules in British Columbia, Ontario, and the Federal Court are all undergoing major reforms. Reforms in Europe and the United States are also challenging the traditional categories.\nThese changes give rise to a host of questions, such as: Will the age-old categories of common law and civil law continue to be relevant? What new categories have emerged? How do changes affect the roles of parties, judges, counsel, and witnesses? What procedural developments have proven to be effective - regardless of categories? How will disputes be resolved in the future? \nCommon Law, Civil Law and the Future of Categories presents the first comprehensive and structured study of the divide between civil and common law. The essays in this collection were originally presented at the 2009 International Association of Procedural Law conference in Toronto. Each essay tackles a topic significant for litigators and other procedural lawyers in a bijural country, underscoring the important impact this has on Canadian law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.032 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".