Intellectual property rights trump the right to health: Canada’s Access to Medicines Regime and TRIPs flexibilities in the context of Bolivia’s quest for vaccines
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The failure of the Canadian pharmaceutical company Biolyse Pharma to obtain authorization under Canada’s Access to Medicines Regime (CAMR) to produce 15 million badly needed doses of a generic copy of a vaccine needed by a developing country is the occasion for a reflection on the right to health and the compatibility of this right with the dominant system of intellectual property rights (IPR) under the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), the Doha Declaration and subsequent decisions. Global health justice and intellectual property rights are difficult to reconcile because patent-supported pricing limits equitable access to medicines and, in addition, produces distortions in the allocation of resources in health research. A ‘delinkage’ of production and development costs is therefore called for. In spite of this, governments of countries with an important pharmaceutical sector are often hesitant to agree to sharing of information and technologies. The ‘flexibilities’ (mainly ‘waivers’ and ‘compulsory licenses’) provided for under the TRIPS system are not applied in a serious and consistent way in order to allow developing countries to deal with health crises, as is illustrated by extreme variation in rates of vaccination between the developed and the less developed world.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it