An Inhibitive Effect of Aeration on the Pitting Corrosion of Steels in Ethanolic Environments
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work aims to illuminate localized carbon steel corrosion in ethanolic solutions. The effect of chloride, ethanol dehydration, and oxygen level are investigated, which all play a role in the carbon steel pitting behavior in ethanolic environments in the presence of a supporting electrolyte. Open-circuit potential measurement, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and potentiostatic testing are conducted on specimens exposed to ethanolic environments prepared from pure dehydrated ethanol to study the pitting behavior of carbon steel. Corrosion and passivation potentials are found to be significantly reduced due to the change in the cathodic reaction and the decrease in passivation kinetics under deaerated conditions. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy examination and scanning electron microscopy imaging indicate that no pitting corrosion is observed without chlorides, and chloride significantly destabilizes the surface film, resulting in the reduction of both pitting potential and passivation potential. Increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in the solution reduces pitting susceptibility and, in low chloride concentrations, can eliminate the pitting nucleation. Iron oxide is identified as the significant corrosion product at different water and oxygen concentrations. Therefore, ethanol aeration can be an effective method to increase resistance to pitting corrosion in ethanolic solutions. Aeration can be used with caution due to the effect of oxygen on steel stress corrosion cracking in ethanol.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it