Cluster analysis with regression of non‐Gaussian functional data on covariates
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cluster analysis with functional data often imposes normality assumptions on outcomes and is typically carried out without covariates or supervision. However, nonnormal functional data are frequently encountered in practice, and unsupervised learning, without directly tying covariates to clusters, often makes the resulting clusters less interpretable. To address these issues, we propose a new semiparametric transformation functional regression model, which enables us to cluster nonnormal functional data in the presence of covariates. Our model incorporates several unique features. First, it omits the normality assumptions on the functional response, which adds more flexibility to the modelling. Second, our model allows clusters to have distinct relationships between functional responses and covariates, and thus makes the clusters formed more interpretable. Third, unlike various competing methods, we allow the number of clusters to be unspecified and data‐driven. We develop a new method, which combines penalized likelihood and estimating equations, to estimate the number of clusters, regression parameters, and transformation functions simultaneously; we also establish the large‐sample properties such as consistency and asymptotic normality. Simulations confirm the utility of our proposed approach. We use our proposed method to analyze Chinese housing market data and garner some interesting findings.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it