[Retracted] Identification of Molecular Biomarkers and Key Pathways for Esophageal Carcinoma (EsC): A Bioinformatics Approach
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Post-publication record
- Nature
- Retraction
- Reason
- Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;
- Date
- 1/9/2024 0:00
- Flagged by OpenAlex?
- Yes
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement — it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EsC) is a member of the cancer group that occurs in the esophagus; globally, it is known as one of the fatal malignancies. In this study, we used gene expression analysis to identify molecular biomarkers to propose therapeutic targets for the development of novel drugs. We consider EsC associated four different microarray datasets from the gene expression omnibus database. Statistical analysis is performed using R language and identified a total of 1083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in which 380 are overexpressed and 703 are underexpressed. The functional study is performed with the identified DEGs to screen significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms and associated pathways using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery repository (DAVID). The analysis revealed that the overexpressed DEGs are principally connected with the protein export, axon guidance pathway, and the downexpressed DEGs are principally connected with the L13a-mediated translational silencing of ceruloplasmin expression, formation of a pool of free 40S subunits pathway. The STRING database used to collect protein-protein interaction (PPI) network information and visualize it with the Cytoscape software. We found 10 hub genes from the PPI network considering three methods in which the interleukin 6 (IL6) gene is the top in all methods. From the PPI, we found that identified clusters are associated with the complex I biogenesis, ubiquitination and proteasome degradation, signaling by interleukins, and Notch-HLH transcription pathway. The identified biomarkers and pathways may play an important role in the future for developing drugs for the EsC.
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The record
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Topic
- Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- University of Saskatchewan
- Funders
- Taif University
- Keywords
- BiologyComputational biologyGeneBioinformaticsGene expressionMicroarray analysis techniquesGene silencingTranscription factorGenetics
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes