Shedding a Light on the Rights of the Accused: An Indian Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, the author has endeavored to shed a light on the numerous provisions and rights conferred to a person accused of a crime. These rights encompass all the rights that an accused enjoys throughout his trial, from the very moments of his arrest to the period of a legal trial, and to the period of incarceration as an undertrial prisoner, ending just before the outcome of the trial. The article is an attempt to trace and analyze the practice of submitting evidence and documents by way of a sealed cover. The paper also puts forth the effects that the said practice has had on the rights of the accused and also sheds light on the effect of the said practice on the public faith in the judicial system, through the lens of decided cases both recent and old.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.023 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.110 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.029 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.019 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".