The novelty effect and on-field team performance in new sports facilities: the case of the Canadian Football League
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When advocating for public funding assistance for new stadiums, franchise owners often employ the rationale of higher attendance and enhanced on-field team performance among other arguments. The Canadian Football League (CFL) has seen a number of large publicly funded facilities open over the last decade. In the present study, we empirically analyze seasonal attendance and on-field performance data from 1996 to 2019 to see whether these assertations can be supported. Results from a Tobit estimation (n = 203) reveal an increase in teams’ regular season home game attendance attributed to a 5-year long novelty effect. The results of Stochastic Frontier Model analysis (n = 136) indicate playing in new stadiums does not significantly affect team production efficiency. The findings of this study further contribute to our understanding of direct stadium impact for fans along with furthering our evidence in relation to owner behavior after moving into a new facility.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it