Migration trends in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Africa accounts for one-quarter of the world’s land mass and one-tenth of its population, and is the continent with the most mobile populations in the world (Curtin, 1997). In 2000, there were 16.3 million international migrants in Africa, accounting for some 9 per cent of global migrant stocks. Refugees have always been an important factor, but by 2000 both the numbers and the global share of refugees had declined from, respectively, 5.4 million or 33 per cent in 1990, to 3.6 million or 22 per cent. During that same period, the number of non-refugee migrants rose by nearly 2 million to reach 12.7 million in 2000 (UN, 2003). The proportion of females among the 16.3 million international migrants rose from 42 per cent in the 1970s to 46 per cent in the 1990s, and to 46.7 per cent in 2000 (Zlotnik, 2004).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".