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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mature Field Development - A Review Tayfun Babadagli Tayfun Babadagli U. of Alberta Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference, Madrid, Spain, June 2005. Paper Number: SPE-93884-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/93884-MS Published: June 13 2005 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Babadagli, Tayfun. "Mature Field Development - A Review." Paper presented at the SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference, Madrid, Spain, June 2005. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/93884-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Europec featured at EAGE Conference and Exhibition Search Advanced Search AbstractDevelopment of mature oil fields has been, and will increasingly be, an attractive subject.Mature field development practices can be divided into two major groups:well engineering andreservoir engineering.This paper focuses on the reservoir engineering aspects.An extensive review of previously reported reservoir management practices for mature field development is provided.After the definition of mature field and an overview, different aspects of mature field development are outlined.The first issue covered is the estimation of remaining reserves focusing on the determination of the amount and location of the residual oil after primary and secondary recovery using field, log, and core data.After valuing the remaining oil, methods to recover it are classified.They include tertiary recovery, infill drilling, horizontals, optimal waterflooding design for mature fields, optimal well placement and other reservoir management practices.Suggested or implemented field application examples for big fields owned by majors and small fields owned by independents are presented.Special attention is given to tertiary oil recovery.An extensive review and critical analysis of tertiary recovery techniques covering the theoretical, practical, and economical aspects of it are provided.The emphasis is on their applicability in mature field development in terms of effectiveness (incremental recovery) and efficiency (cost and recovery time).Laboratory and field scale applications of different tertiary recovery techniques, i.e., gas (double displacement, WAG, and miscible-immiscible HC, CO[2], and N[2]), chemical (dilute surfactant, polymer, and micellar injection), and thermal (air and steam) injection, conducted to develop mature fields are included.Specific examples of big/giant fields, fields producing for decades, and mid to small size fields were selected.Differences in reservoir management strategies for majors, independents, and national oil companies are discussed.IntroductionThe world average of oil recovery factor is estimated 35%.Additional recovery over this "easy oil" depends on the availability of proper technologies, economic viability, and effective reservoir management strategies.On the other hand, chance of discovering giant fields remarkably decreases1. The discovery rate for the giant fields peaked in the late 60s and early 70s and declined remarkably in the last two decades. About thirty giant fields comprise half of the world oil reserves and most of them are categorized as mature field.The development of those fields entails new and economically viable techniques, and proper reservoir management strategies.Mature field development is a broad subject.It can, however, be divided into two main parts:Well development, andreservoir development.Depending on the field type, history, and prospects, the development plans could be done on either one or both.This paper covers reservoir engineering aspects of mature field development.Determination of the amount and location of the remaining oil is the key issue in this exercise.Techniques to improve the recovery factor such as tertiary recovery, infills, horizontals, and optimal placement of the new wells are the other elements of reservoir development.Definition and elements of mature field developmentOil fields after a certain production period are called mature field.A more specific definition of mature fields is the fields reached the peak of their production or producing fields in declining mode.A third definition could be the fields reached their economic limit after primary and secondary recovery efforts.Fig. 1 shows a typical production life of a field.Any points indicated by a question mark can be considered as the time when the maturity is reached.The tendency, however, is to define the decline period indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1, which is typically reached after having some secondary recovery efforts.Increasing water and gas production, decreasing pressure, and aging equipment are other indicators of maturity. Keywords: ooip, field development, application, oil saturation, saturation, conf, tertiary recovery, annual tech, babadagli, injection Subjects: Improved and Enhanced Recovery This content is only available via PDF. 2005. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it