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Record W4214732297 · doi:10.17762/de.vol2022iss1.9078

Spam Detection on Summarized Graph

2022· article· en· W4214732297 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueDesign Engineering · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicComplex Network Analysis Techniques
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAutomatic summarizationPopularityComputer scienceMicrobloggingSocial mediaGraphInformation retrievalSocial graphVisualizationData miningWorld Wide WebTheoretical computer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

As the popularity of social networking sites continues to increase, spam accounts are also on the rise. Over the past few years, social networking and information-sharing microblogging websites such as Twitter and Sina Weibo have gained popularity. Unsolicited content, such as social spam, has also been exploited by spammers to overwhelm most users unfairly. In contrast to existing work, this paper uses a novel graph-based approach for spam detection. The problem of graph summarization has practical applications involving visualization and graph compression. As graph-structured databases become popular and prominent, summarizing and compressing graph-structured databases can become more and more valuable. Our experimental results demonstrate the usefulness and efficiency of our proposed strategy. The accuracy of the graph is considered before and after Graph Summarization using MultiNominal NB and then compared with other machine learning algorithms. Various algorithms are considered, and it is found that MultiNominal NB gives the lowest training time and the highest accuracy. The training time of MultiNominal NB is found to be 0.55 sec before graph summarization. After graph summarization, the training time is optimized to be 0.02 seconds, and the accuracy value is 96.64%.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.976
Threshold uncertainty score0.452

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.201
Teacher spread0.190 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it