Field Temperatures and Geothermal Modeling of an MSW Landfill Located in Humid Climate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While most municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills maintain temperatures below 55°C (131°F), a relatively few MSW landfills have temperatures exceeding 93°C (200°F). In order to understand the key mechanisms that allow heat accumulation and temperature rise, commercial geothermal model TETRAD was used to simulate the heat transfer in an MSW landfill located in the southeastern United States. Field temperatures of the landfill were monitored using thermistor sensor arrays. The measured peak temperatures ranged from 68°C to 77°C (155°F to 170°F). Waste heat generation, infiltration, and leachate flow were the key variables evaluated in the modeling. The model results indicated that the average waste heat generation rates for this landfill ranged from 0.3 to 1.4 W/m3. The higher heat generation rate corresponds to a relatively young (≤4 years) portion of waste containing a relatively high mass fraction of coal combustion fly ash. The lower heat generation rate corresponds to a 14-year old portion of waste predominantly containing MSW.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".