Investigating the effect of technology-based village development towards smart economy: An application of variance-based structural equation modeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indonesia is a country dominated by rural areas. Addressing rural poverty is a priority of the Indonesian government work program and an effort to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of the actual programs dealing with poverty is a digital village which is implemented in a smart village ecosystem. Since 2018, Indonesia has initiated various pilots of smart village projects. The success of a smart village is closely related to citizen science. The purpose of this research was to build a citizen science prospect model for a smart economy in a smart village ecosystem using Structural Equation Model – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach. This study proposes a novelty of measuring villagers' readiness to build a smart economy in a smart village ecosystem based on the strength of community support. We propose an assessment of the prospect of developing a smart economy in a smart village through the citizen science level that integrates exogenous variables of community support for the environment, citizen character, empowerment, entrepreneurship, innovation, and the smart economy. The citizen science model towards a smart economy showed a high level of predictive relevance, which was 87,2%. The citizen science model towards a smart economy can also explain empirical data with a GoF value of 0,488. This research showed that the indicators of Information Communication Technology (ICT), ICT literacy, access to education and research and development (R & D) facilitation, motivation for smart villages, and innovation in villages were driven by family participation. The collaboration with the private sector, local government, and communities drive the village's smart economy. The SEM PLS approach has not been widely used in research on the smart village component, especially the relationship between citizen science and the smart economy. Therefore, this research can fill the gap in smart village research, which is still dominated by a descriptive approach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".