Population of Subradiant States in Carbon Nanotube Microcavities in the Ultrastrong Light–Matter Coupling Regime
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Strong light–matter coupling results in eigenstates called polaritons which share the properties of both light and matter and provide a useful way to engineer electronic energies and behaviors. In this work, we study nearly monochiral (6,5) semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a Fabry–Pérot microcavity. Light–matter coupling leads to the formation of three bands of bright polariton states (upper, middle, and lower─resulting from coupling to the bright S11 CNT exciton and the X1 phonon sideband of the K-momentum dark exciton state). The structure also supports many exciton-like subradiant states at the bright S11 and X1 energies. Here, ultrafast transient reflection spectroscopy is used to study the dynamics and spectral signatures of excited subradiant-state polariton populations and the pathways by which they are populated. After a pump pulse, the excited subradiant-state population is revealed by (i) spectral signatures with relaxation times (∼5 ps) similar to those of CNT S11 band gap excitons outside of the cavity and (ii) a Rabi contraction of the lower polariton energy, whose magnitude quantifies the excited subradiant-state population. Data show that, following the excitation of the upper polariton (UP), the excited subradiant-state population is maximized at a sample position with a detuning of 118 meV, light–matter coupling of 336 meV, and UP transition energy of 1.52 eV. The excited subradiant-state population is reduced for other detunings. The X1 Hopfield coefficient of the UP also peaks at the same energy, revealing UP to X1 scattering as a potentially efficient relaxation pathway. These results will be important for understanding and controlling energy relaxation and transport in future CNT polariton devices.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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