Lulu's Smile: An Archive of Trauma in <i>Die Büchse der Pandora</i> (1929)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article focuses on Lulu, the protagonist of G. W. Pabst's 1929 film Die Büchse der Pandora, and argues that her frequent smiles are a post‐traumatic affect. From the little information that the audience is given about Lulu, it can be deduced that she is a survivor of sex trafficking. Lulu's smile, with its incongruity and automatic nature, is where her past becomes most legible. I read Lulu's smiles throughout the film as an archive of trauma, as conceptualized by scholars from queer studies and Black studies such as Ann Cvetkovich, Christina Sharpe, and Saidiya Hartman. While Weimar film scholarship often considers Lulu as a femme fatale or a Neue Frau, her implicitly traumatic past is seldom addressed, let alone read as a central trait of her character. This article presents a new reading of Lulu in relation to trauma studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".