Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to identify the functional groups (e.g., amide, phosphate, carbonate and hydroxyl) present in organic and inorganic compounds by measuring their absorption of infrared radiation over a range of wavelengths (e.g., 50 to 5000 cm-1 wavenumber). A modern FTIR spectrometer collects and digitizes the interferogram, performs the Fourier transform and displays the FTIR spectrum. The coupling of a FTIR spectrophotometer to an optical microscope produces a system capable of doing FTIR microspectroscopy. The success in application of IR microspectrophotometers and FTIR microscopes to many areas of research (semiconductors, polymers, and pharmaceuticals), as well as forensic investigation, has established this technique as a powerful tool in the analysis of small samples. The application of FTIR analysis to archaeological investigation ranges widely from dating, to use of space, ancient pyrotechnologies, diagenesis and transformation of the archaeological record; all major aspects of site formation processes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.067 | 0.033 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".