Real time numerical reconstruction of digitally recorded holograms in digital in-line holographic microscopy by using a graphics processing unit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) is perhaps the simplest methodology to obtain three-dimensional information from the micrometre world. The recovery of complex amplitude scattered by the specimens, relies on quite robust algorithms that consume large amounts of time. In this letter is presented the numerical reconstruction in real-time of holograms acquired in DIHM. The use of a graphics processing unit combine with a reduced number of operations allows for reconstructing DIHM holograms of 1024x1024 pixels up to 32 frames per second. Full text: PDF References: J. Garcia-Sucerquia, W. Xu, S.K. Jericho, P. Klages, M.H. Jericho, H.J. Kreuzer, "Digital in-line holographic microscopy", Appl. Opt. Lett. 45, 836 (2006). [CrossRef] W. Xu, M.H. Jericho, H.J. Kreuzer, I.A. Meinertzhagen, "Tracking particles in four dimensions with in-line holographic microscopy", Opt. Lett. 28, 164 (2003). [CrossRef] H.J. Kreuzer, Holographic Microscope and Method of Hologram Reconstruction (US Patent 6.411.406 B1 2002). E.B. Ford, "Parallel algorithm for solving Kepler's equation on Graphics Processing Units: Application to analysis of Doppler exoplanet searches", New Astro. 14(4), 406 (2009). [CrossRef] T. Shimobaba, Y. Sato, J. Miura, M. Takenouchi, T. Ito, "Real-time digital holographic microscopy using the graphic processing unit", Opt. Exp. 16, 11776 (2008). [CrossRef] U. Schnars, W. Juptner, "Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms", Meas. Sci. Technol. 13 R85, 9 (2002). [CrossRef] M. Sypek, C. Prokopowicz, M. Gorecki, "Image multiplying and high-frequency oscillations effects in the Fresnel region light propagation simulation", Opt. Eng. 42, 3158 (2003). [CrossRef] H.J. Kreuzer, K. Nakamura, A. Wierzbicki, "Theory of the point source electron microscope", H.W. Fink, H. Schmid, Ultramicroscopy 45, 381 (1992). [CrossRef] L. Bluestein, "A linear filtering approach to the computation of discrete Fourier transform", IEEE. T on Audio and Electroacoustics. 18, 451 (1970). [CrossRef] 2006-2010 NVIDIA Corporation, CUDA Zone (2010), http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/3_1/ toolkit/docs/NVIDIA_CUDA_C_ProgrammingGuide_3.1.pdf J. Garcia-Sucerquia, D. C. Alvarez-Palacio, H.J. Kreuzer, "High resolution Talbot self-imaging applied to structural characterization of self-assembled monolayers of microspheres", Appl. Opt. 47, 4723 (2008). [CrossRef] K. Patorski, "The Self-Imaging Phenomenon and its Applications", Progr. Opt., E. Wolf, ed, 27, 3 (1989). [CrossRef] H.J. Kreuzer, P. Klages, A software package for the reconstruction of digital in-line and other holograms (Helix Science Applications, Halifax, N.S., Canada 2006).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".