ICT Infrastructure Expansion in Sub‐Saharan Africa: An Analysis of Six West African Countries from 1995 to 2002
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A decade has passed since many African countries started consistently investing in the new Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Currently, there is need for more research on the impact of these investments on the expansion of productive capacity necessary for economic and social developments in this region on the world. Presently, the African Telecommunication Union (ATU) is advocating higher levels of investment in ICT in African countries, regional integration and new policies for the ICT sector. High‐tech parks are being constructed for the development of the technology and to attract and encourage business initiatives in the sector. However, UNDP agencies for information technology and social development have not yet been able to state firmly whether the adoption of ICT has had a significant impact on less developed countries in general and African countries in particular. In this paper, I demonstrate that the investments in the ICT sector have resulted in technical progress. This study uses a DEA approach and some novel analysis to examine the impacts of investments in the ICT sectors of six West African countries during the period of 1995 and 2002.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it